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Open payment allows users to sidestep queues at ticket machines and in stations and avoid buying a ticket from the driver, which can be more expensive. All they have to do is board the vehicles and validate their journey by holding their contactless payment card or their smartphone up against the dedicated validation terminal.
 Passengers will always pay the lowest price for their journey, without having to present a paper ticket during inspections.
The open payment system applies the pricing for normal tickets. After three trips have been validated, the daily pass rate is applied, capping the amount paid for an unlimited number of trips the same day.
During inspections, validation of the passenger’s payment card or smartphone on the controller’s terminal is sufficient to prove the person’s right to travel. Users of the service who want to view their travel history or print a receipt can go to the website.
On 30 October 2018, Keolis began to extend the same system of contactless payment to buses in Dijon. By mid-December 2018, the entire Dijon bus system was equipped with the new technology. Dijon is the first French city to provide all of its buses and trams with contactless validation terminals.
Full article: IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, Volume 14, Number 1, March 2019 | 
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